Byasohotse: 5 Gicurasi 2026
Byanditswe na: Yanwei Hu, Impuguke mu bya tekiniki bya Alloys muri Cymber Metal
Mwaramutse mwese,
Yanwei Hu hano aturutse kuri Cymber Metal.
Buri kwezi mvugana n'amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko batungurwa - ndetse rimwe na rimwe bakababazwa - iyo ibicuruzwa byabo "byoroheje" by'umuringa biva mu Bushinwa bigura amafaranga arenga 40-60% kurusha uko byari byitezwe cyangwa bikamara ibyumweru bike mu gihe cy'ingwate. Ibibazo akenshi biba bidasanzwe. Hafi ya buri gihe bituruka ku gusimbuka intambwe imwe cyangwa ebyiri z'ingenzi mu nzira yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa: ishyirwa mu byiciro ritari ryo rya HTS, kudashyira mu gaciro ingingo ya 232 + ingingo ya 301 ku misoro, kugenzura nabi ASTM/SGS, cyangwa guhitamo umucuruzi udafite ububiko nyakuri kandi udafite uburambe nyakuri bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika.
Iyi mfashanyigisho iguha urwego rwuzuye kandi rufatika abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bafite uburambe bakoresha mu 2026. Ikubiyemo ibice bitandatu by'ingenzi cyane: ishyirwa mu byiciro rya HTS, imibare nyayo y'imisoro, kugenzura icyemezo cya ASTM, isuzuma ry'umutanga ibicuruzwa, guhitamo Incoterm, n'inyandiko. Nzakwereka neza uko umutanga ibicuruzwa w'Umushinwa wizewe asa mu bikorwa - dukoresheje imikorere yacu nk'icyitegererezo kugira ngo umenye uko imiterere myiza isa.
Gushyira mu byiciro bya HTS: Isoko imwe rukumbi y'amakosa ashobora kwirindwa
Byose bitangirira ku gatwe gato ka HTS gakwiye. Uramutse wibeshye, ushobora kwishyurwa imisoro irenze urugero, guhomba amafaranga yo kwinjira, cyangwa igenzura nyuma yo kwinjira bishobora gutwara amafaranga menshi kurusha akazi ko gushyira mu byiciro by'umwimerere.
Ibyuma by'umuringa biri munsi y'Igice cya 74. Ibikoresho bitakozwe biri munsi ya 7403, inkoni n'imigozi bikururwa cyangwa bivanwaho biri munsi ya 7407, impapuro n'imirongo biri munsi ya 7408/7409, kandi bigasibwa munsi ya 7404. Amakosa akunze kugaragara ni ugushyira ibice byakozwe na CNC byarangiye nk'ibikoresho fatizo, cyangwa gufata imiterere iyo ari yo yose itarangiye nk' "itakozwe."
Inama y'inzobere: Mbere yo gusaba ibiciro, banza ukoreshe urwego rw'ibishushanyo mbonera n'imiterere yabyo binyuze muUbubiko bw'amakuru bwa USITC HTSBitwara iminota icumi kandi bikuraho isoko nini y'ibintu bihenze cyane.
Icyo Mu by'ukuri Urimo Kwishyura mu Mishahara ku Muringa w'Abashinwa muri 2026
Abaguzi benshi baratangara iyo babonye igipimo nyacyo cy’umusoro. Umusoro fatizo wa MFN ku mitwe mike ya Igice cya 74 ni 1.5–3% gusa. Igihindura byose ni ugushyira hamwe kw’umusoro.Ingingo ya 232 (25%) n'Ingingo ya 301 (mu mateka 25%)hejuru.
Ku bintu byinshi by'umuringa n'umuringa, umusoro wose ushobora kugera kuri 51–53% by'agaciro ka CIF mbere yukoMPF.Iryo si ikosa ryo gukusanya amakuru — ni icyitegererezo cy'ikiguzi.
Urugero NyarwoInkoni z'umuringa za FOB $10.000 + ubwishingizi bw'imizigo yo mu nyanja $1.500 = $11.500 CIF
- MFN y'ibanze 1.5% ≈ $172
- Igice cya 232 25% ≈ $2,875
- Igice cya 301 25% ≈ $2,875
- MPF ≈ $40
Amafaranga yose y'imisoro n'amahoro ≈ $5,962 Ikiguzi cy'ubutaka mbere y'imisoro ya leta ≈ $17,462
Umutanga serivisi atanga $9,500 FOB ntabwo aba azigama amafaranga yawe niba ikiguzi cyose cy’ubutaka bwawe gikomeje kuba kimwe cyangwa kizamuka. Buri gihe banza ubare ikiguzi cy’ubutaka mbere yo kumvikana ku giciro cya FOB.
Uburyo bwo kwemeza icyemezo nyacyo cya ASTM gitangwa n'umucuruzi w'Umushinwa
Imbuga nyinshi z’abacuruza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa zivuga ko “zikurikiza amategeko ya ASTM.” Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya niba bashobora gutanga Raporo y’ibizamini bya Mill Test (MTR) ikubiyemo:
- Imiterere nyayo y'ibumba (urugero, C26000, C70600, C17200)
- Imiterere ya shimi kuri buri bushyuhe/igice
- Imiterere ya mekanike
- Imibare y'ubushyuhe n'ibibanza
- Kashe yo muri laboratwari yo gupima
Umucuruzi wizerwa azatanga kandi ikizamini cya SGS cy’umuntu wa gatatu kigaragaza imibare imwe y’ubushyuhe/ibicuruzwa urimo kwakira. Muri Cymber Metal dukora ikizamini cya SGS ku bicuruzwa bisohoka kandi dufite icyemezo cya ISO 9001:2015, bityo abaguzi bo muri Amerika bakabona impapuro zishobora gukurikiranwa zikomeza kugenzura imbere mu buryo bw’ibanze (QA) na CBP.
Ni iki gitandukanya umutanga serivisi wizewe n'umutanga serivisi ufite ibyago
Mu gusuzuma abashoramari b'umuringa bo mu Bushinwa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Amerika, ubushobozi bubiri ni ingenzi kurusha ibindi byose:
- Urutonde rw'ahantu nyaburanga ku gipimo cy'ingirakamaroUmucuruzi ufite ububiko bwe bwite bufite toni amagana mu bwoko bwa alloy ashobora kohereza mu minsi mike kandi nta mpamvu afite yo gusimbuza ibikoresho. Bashobora kandi gutanga MOQ nkeya n'uburebure bworoshye bwo gukata.
- Amateka y'ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika yakozwe mu buryo bwa "Record" + gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu buryo bukorerwa mu gihuguSaba abashinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa kandi urebe neza ko bashobora gusubiza ibibazo byihariye ku byerekeye amatangazo yo mu ngingo ya 232 nta kuzuyaza. Ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini za CNC, kuzikata no kuzikata bukuraho intambwe yo kumanuka kandi bugabanye ibyago byo kutubahiriza amabwiriza agera ku cyambu cyawe.
Cymber Metal ifite ububiko bwite muri Jiangyin na Zhejiang, burimo ububiko hirya no hino muriumuringa, umuringa, fosforu bronze, umuringa wa beriliyumu, cupronickel, naumuringa wa chromium zirconium— byose bifite icyemezo cya ASTM na AMS. Iwacu mu rugoImitako ya CNCnagukora bisiubushobozi bivuze ko abaguzi bo muri Amerika bashobora guhuza ibikoresho byo gushakisha no gukora ibice byabyo hakurikijwe itegeko rimwe ryo kugura.
FOB vs CIF n'inyandiko zigaragaza ko CBP ari yo ikwiye gukurwaho
Ku baguzi benshi bo muri Amerika, amahitamo afatika ni hagati ya FOB na CIF. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa bafite uburambe akenshi bakunda FOB iturutse i Shanghai cyangwa Ningbo kuko itanga uburyo bwo kureba no kugenzura ikiguzi cy’imizigo neza. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bo muri Jiangyin nkatwe bakunze kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo muri Wuxi cyangwa Shanghai, bakabikora mu buryo butaziguye ku nkombe zombi za Amerika.
Urutonde rw'inyandiko rubuza ko ibintu byinshi bifatwa:
- Inyemezabwishyu y'ubucuruzi ifite ibisobanuro birambuye, kode ya HTS, igihugu cy'inkomoko, n'agaciro
- Urutonde rw'ibipaki
- Ikarita y'ubwikorezi / urupapuro rw'indege
- Icyemezo cy'aho akomoka
- Raporo z'ibizamini by'inganda zihariye + raporo za SGS
- Itangazo ry'ingingo ya 232 (igihe rikurikizwa)
Ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe bwa mbere, jya mu masezerano y’uburenganzira bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa (SGS, Bureau Veritas, cyangwa Intertek). Saba ko ibyavuye mu igenzura byoherezwa ku isosiyete itwara imizigo mbere yuko kontineri irekurwa ngo ipakururwe.
Kubigeraho neza kuva mu ntangiriro
Uru rwego rworoshye ariko rusaba ishyirwa mu bikorwa rihoraho:
- Shyira mu byiciro neza ukoresheje ububiko bwa USITC HTS mbere yo gusaba ibiciro
- Shyiraho imisoro y'igice cya 232 + igice cya 301 mu buryo bwawe bwo kwishyura mbere yo kuvugana na FOB
- Emeza icyemezo cya ASTM ukoresheje itsinda ryihariyeSGSraporo
- Suzuma ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bifatika, uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa MOQ, ubunararibonye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika, n'ubushobozi bwo kubitunganya mu nzu.
- Hitamo Incoterm yawe ukurikije igihe cyo gucunga imizigo yawe.
Abaguzi bahura n'ibibazo hafi ya buri gihe ni bo bafataga imwe muri izi ntambwe nk'amahitamo.
Niba ushaka aho uhera wizewe ho gutumiza aloyi z'umuringa mu Bushinwa, ushobora gusura ubwoko bwacu bwose n'ibicuruzwa bigezweho kuriUrupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa bya CYMBER METAL cyangwa sura iwacuIbigega by'ububiko byiteguyekureba ububiko bw'ibintu mu gihe nyacyo. Itsinda ryacu ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga rifite uburambe mu kubahiriza ibisabwa muri Amerika kandi rishobora gutanga ibisobanuro by'ibigize ibyuma, inyandiko zemeza, n'ibiciro by'ubutaka bihuye n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye.
Ibitekerezo bya nyuma
Gutumiza mu mahanga umuringa uva mu Bushinwa mu 2026 birashoboka cyane - kandi akenshi ni ingirakamaro cyane - iyo ukorana n'umucuruzi wamaze kubaka amategeko ya Amerika, ingano y'imigabane, no gutunganya imbere mu kigo mu mikorere yabo isanzwe. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu buryo bworoshye n'ikibazo gihenze akenshi riterwa no guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa ukwiye kuva mu ntangiriro.
Niba ufite icyifuzo kiri imbere cyangwa ukaba ushaka gusobanukirwa ikiguzi cy’ubutaka bwawe n’igihe cyo kubutanga, twoherereze ibisobanuro birambuye. Tuzaguha ibisubizo byumvikana kandi tugufashe kwirinda ingorane zikunze kugaragara zifata n’amatsinda y’abashakashatsi bafite uburambe.
Witeguye kwinjiza ibicuruzwa ufite icyizere? Twandikire igihe icyo ari cyo cyose — itsinda ryacu rikora vuba hakurikijwe ibisabwa na Amerika.
Kuramo Ubuyobozi bwo kubahiriza amategeko agenga imyinjirize y'umuringa mu 2026 (PDF)
Twandikire kugira ngo ubone ubufasha ku bijyanye n'ibiciro n'amategeko ku butaka
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-05-2026